● Balance:
It refers to equilibrium, which can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical.
There is duplication with symmetrical balance on either side of an imaginary line of landscape components in terms of line, form or color - for example, two similarly shaped garden beds in front of a house.
- Symmetry is an important feature of formal landscapes.
Asymmetrical balance involves dissimilar placement of different objects on either side of the same sort of imaginary line, but in a way that equilibrium still exists - for example, three or five silver birch trees planted in a group.
- Asymmetry gives the garden a more relaxed, natural appearance. ● Proportion: It refers to the sizing or scaling of components in relation to each other and to the total landscape. For instance, tall trees are not in proportion if used in a small courtyard, nor is a small shrub in proportion in the middle of a large expanse of lawn. ● Harmony: It refers to the way different parts of the landscape fit together. In general, most designers strive to achieve a harmonious design, although perhaps not in all parts of the garden. ● Contrast: Contrast is in opposition to harmony and should not be overdone.
- Occasional contrasts are used to create an eye-catching feature in a garden. For instance, contrasting foliage texture, color or form provides a focal point in the garden. ● Rhythm: Rhythm is a conscious repetition of equal or similar components in the garden. This is usually created by repetition and transition (the slow change from one thing to another).
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