FOCAL POINT OR EMPHASIS
 Through the use of emphasis, eye movement is directed towards a center of interest that takes a position of prominence in the landscape. It could be a single tree, a beautifully designed water feature, a piece of sculpture, or a collection of ericaceous plants that automatically draw the eye to this point of interest.
Paths, open lawn areas and strategically placed plants can lead the eye to the principal feature without distraction.
Consider plantings should be placed to easily lead the eye to this center of heightened interest. Subsidiary features of landscape interest can also be created. In this instance, while these components are beneficial in contributing to the unity of the site and tying the total composition of the site together, they have considerably less overall impact than the focal point.
FORM
Form relates to the natural shape of the plant. For instance, a plant that is very fastigiated or upright in its habit of growth is said to have a vertical or aspiring form. A good example of this form is Ginkgo biloba "Princeton Sentry"- Princeton Sentry Ginkgo.
Other plants that are spreading in their habit of growth are said to have a horizontal or spreading form.
- A shrub example of this form is Taxus x media "Hillii"-Hill’s Yew- and a tree example is Quercus palustris- Pin Oak.
- The Hill’s Yew could be effectively used as a hedge to provide special definition between two properties.
Consider when horizontal forms are placed together as is the case in the hedge, the individual vertical forms take on a horizontal profile.
Drooping, weeping of pendulous forms can also be used to create softer lines or as interesting accents in the garden.
- Fagus sylvatica "Purple Fountain" – Purple fountain Beech- is an excellent example of this form.
Make sure there are also rounded or globular forms that are useful in creating large masses. Thus, the majority of shrubs fall into this category.
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